What is a grand jury?

A grand jury is specifically convened to evaluate evidence and determine whether there is enough probable cause to bring criminal charges against an individual. The primary function of a grand jury is to investigate potential criminal conduct and assess whether the prosecutor should proceed with formal charges. This process serves as a preliminary check on the power of the state, allowing a group of citizens to review evidence and ensure that charges are grounded in sufficient evidence before a trial occurs.

The role of a grand jury is distinct from that of a trial jury, which is responsible for determining the guilt or innocence of a defendant in a criminal case. It is also important to note that a grand jury does not decide on civil cases; it is solely involved in criminal proceedings. The size of a grand jury typically ranges from 16 to 23 members, which differs from smaller jury panels typically used in trials for adjudicating cases. This specialized function of the grand jury is vital in the judicial process, as it helps uphold the integrity of criminal justice by ensuring that only cases with merit are brought to trial.